A Comparative Study on Steady-State Water Inflow into a Circular Underwater Tunnel with an Excavation Damage Zone

Excavation damage zones that occur around tunnels usually lead to a change in rock permeability, which has an impact on the water inflow into and even induces inrush disasters. For better understanding of effect excavation zone, analytical solutions consider zone are developed based review modification linings grouting circles. Then, both finite element method applied estimate inflow, results good agreement. The is analyzed factor evaluated real engineering case, seepage-preventing effects discussed. reveal increases with increasing permeability thickness there limit for zone. In addition, stronger underwater small inflows stabilizes gradually as magnitude increases. increase impermeability lining circle can reduce effect.